provided the atonement rather than was appeased by it.34 But in 1951 Leon Morris called Dodd’s findings in question, concluding that hilasmos does mean propitiation.35 Scholars subsequently have sided with one or the other.36 James Dunn believes that the debate constituted “an unnecessary polarizing of alternatives.”37 F. Büchsel has offered a mediating interpretation, namely, that “hilasmos … is the action in which God is propitiated and sin expiated.”38 Hilasterion occurs 21 times in the Greek